This systematic review investigates the growing evidence of racism’s impact on the physical health of children and young people, with a particular focus on biomarker outcomes. While the psychological effects of racism are well-documented, research into its physiological consequences is still emerging. The study analysed data from 463 eligible publications, of which 42 specifically examined physical health or biomarkers in individuals aged 0–24 years.
Using correlation coefficients, the meta-analysis revealed small to moderate positive associations between experiences of racism and various health indicators, including elevated levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6, body mass index (BMI), obesity, systolic blood pressure, salivary cortisol, asthma, and somatic symptoms. Marginal associations were also found with Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, cortisol from multiple sources, BMI-z scores, and diastolic blood pressure, although these estimates were less precise. The findings suggest that racism adversely affects multiple biological systems during childhood and adolescence, potentially increasing the risk of chronic disease later in life. The study underscores the urgent need for structural and societal reforms to eliminate racism and promote equitable health outcomes for all children and youth.